从草到粮 · GRASS TO GRAIN
The Flatness Behind the Gaucho — Argentina · The Pampas
潘帕斯是跨越阿根廷、乌拉圭与巴西南部的肥沃低草原。平坦土壤与开阔牧场先利于牛群，后来又利于铁路、粮食出口与拉普拉塔河口港城。
在地形图上，潘帕斯几乎简单得过分。正是这种简单发挥了作用：围栏、铁路与麦田能比在安第斯或巴塔哥尼亚更少受地形打断。
The Pampas are fertile low grasslands spread across Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil. Flat soils and open pasture favored cattle first, then railways, grain exports and port cities on the Río de la Plata.
On a relief map, the Pampas look almost too simple. That simplicity mattered: fences, rail lines and wheat fields could spread with fewer topographic interruptions than in the Andes or Patagonia.